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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, English: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease. COPD is characterized by limitation of airflow in the airway that is not fully reversible, is progressive, and usually caused by lung inflammatory process caused by exposure to harmful gases that can give you an idea of systemic disorders. These disorders are preventable and treatable.
The main cause of COPD is cigarette, smoke pollution from combustion, hazardous gases and particles.
Disruption of air flow in the airway inflammatory process caused by lung disease that causes a combination of small airways (small airway disease) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema).
Symptoms and signs of COPD, among which are: shortness of breath, chronic cough, sputum production, with a history of exposure to the gas / prtikel dangerous, accompanied by examination of pulmonary physiology. Indicator diagnosis of COPD is a patient above the age of 40 years, with progressive shortness of breath, worsening with activity, persistent, chronic cough, chronic sputum production, history of exposure to tobacco, smoke or harmful gases in the workplace or home.
Based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2006, COPD is divided into four degrees:
1. Mild COPD: usually without symptoms, pulmonary physiology VEP1/KVP <70%
2. Moderate COPD: VEP1/KVP <70%, or 50% = <VEP1 <80% predicted
3. COPD Weight: VEP1/KVP <70%, or 30% = <VEP1 <50% predicted
4. Very COPD Weight: VEP1/KVP <70% or VEP1 <30% or VEP1 <50% accompanied by respiratory failure
Management of COPD
Destination
1. Prevent progression of disease
2. Reduce symptoms
3. Increasing exercise tolerance
4. Prevent and treat complications
5. Prevent and treat exacerbations of recurrent
6. Prevent or minimize the side effects of drugs
7. Repair and prevent the decline in lung physiology
8. Improving quality of life of patients
9. Reduce mortality
Program management of
1. Evaluate and monitor disease
2. Reduce risk factors
3. Management of stable COPD
4. Management of COPD exacerbations
Management of COPD according to the degree
1. Stop smoking / prevent exposure to the gas / particle dangerous
2. Avoidance of trigger factors
3. Influenza Vaccination
4. Pulmonary Rehabilitation
5. Medicine / Medical in whom the use of short-acting bronchodilators (SABA, short-acting anticholinergic), use of bronchodilators old work (GAIN, anticholinergic old work), and symptomatic medications. Corticosteroids can be used based on the degree of COPD
6. In very severe COPD degrees given oxygen therapy
7. Lung volume reduction in surgery (LVRS) or endoscopy (transbronchial) (BLVR)
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