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Bone Fractures
A fracture or broken bone is a bone dissolution of continuity and determined according to the type and extent of (Smeltzer SC & Bare BG, 2001) or any cracks or fractures in the bone intact (Reeves CJ, Roux R G & Lockhart, 2001).
A fracture is a problem these days is very much public attention, the current flows back and forth and back idulfitri holiday this year many traffic accidents are very much a part his victims suffered a fracture. Many of the unexpected natural events that cause a lot of fractures. Often times for improper handling of this fracture may be due to a lack of information available there for example a fracture, but because of lack of information to handle it he went to the shaman massage, perhaps because the symptoms are similar to those of sprains.
Prevalence
Fractures are more common in men than women under 45 years of age and is often associated with sports, work or accidents. While the prevalence Usila more likely to occur in women associated with the presence of osteoporosis associated with hormonal changes.
This type of fracture
Complete fracture (complete fractures), fractures in the bones around the midline, broad and transverse. Usually accompanied by the displacement position of the bones.
1) Closed frakture (simple fracture), does not cause tearing of the skin, skin integrity is still intact.
2) Open fracture (compound frakture / complicated / complex), is a fracture with a wound in the skin (skin integrity broken and protruding bone ends to penetrate the skin) or mucous membrane to the fracture. Open fractures was graded into:
o Grade I: clean the wound with a length of less than 1 cm.
o Grade II: the wider the wound without extensive soft tissue damage.
o Grade III: highly contaminated, and suffered extensive soft tissue damage.
3) greenstick, fracture where one side of the broken bone is the other side bends.
4) Transverse, along the midline of bone fractures.
5) oblique, fractures form an angle with the center line of the bone.
6) Spiral, twisted around the shaft of bone fractures.
7) Komunitif, fractures with bone broken into several fragments.
8) Depression, fractures with fracture frakmen pushed into the (often occurs in the skull and facial bones).
9) Compression, compression fractures where the bone (occurring in the spine).
10) pathological, fractures that occur in diseased bone area (bone cyst, Paget, bone metastases, tumors).
11) avulsion, attraction of bone fragments by a ligament or tendon on prlekatannya.
12) Epifisial, fracture through the epiphyseal.
13) Impaction, fracture where the bone fragments driven into another bone fragment.
Clinical Manifestations
Continuous pain, loss of function, deformity, shortening of the limb, crepitus, local swelling and discoloration.
Examination
Signs and symptoms later after cracks in the immobilization, nurses need to mnilai pain (pain), paloor (pallor / discoloration), paralysis (paralysis / inability to move), parasthesia (tingling), and pulselessnes (no pulse)
CBC Rotgen X-ray examination if there is bleeding to assess the amount of blood lost.
Management
Immediately after the injury necessary for me immobilization of the injured when a client will need to be propped dipindhkan the lower and upper body injury is to prevent rotation or angulation.
Principles of fracture treatment include: reduction of fracture reduction means to restore the bone fragments on the alignments and rotations anatomical closed reduction, the bone fragments back into position (tip ends interconnected) with manipulation and manual traction. The tools used are usually traction, splints and other tools. Open reduction, with a surgical approach. Tool in the form of internal fixation pin, kaawat, screws, plates, nails. Iimobilisasi Immobilization can be done by the method of external and internal Maintain and restore the function of neurovascular status is always monitored include blood circulation, pain, touch, movement. Estimated time required for immobilization of fracture union duration (weeks).
a) the phalanges (finger)
b) metacarpal
c) Carpal
d) the scaphoid
e) Radius and ulna
f) the humerus
• Suprakondiler
• Trunk
• Proximal (impaction)
• Proximal (with shift)
g) The clavicle
h) The vertebrae
i) Pelvis
j) Femur
• Intrakapsuler
• Intratrohanterik
• Trunk
• Suprakondiler
k) Tibia
• Proximal
• Trunk
• malleolus
l) calcaneus
m) metatarsal
n) phalanges (toes)
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