© Kucoba.com Webmaster Tools | Blogger Tool
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale (born in Florence, Italy, May 12, 1820 - died in London, England, August 13, 1910 at age 90 years) is a pioneer of modern nursing, a writer and statistician. He is known by the name Angel Illuminated (English The Lady With The Lamp) for his services which fearlessly collecting the victims of war in the Crimean War, the Crimean peninsula, Russia.
Florence Nightingale revive the concept of sanitation and hospital nurse tips. He gave emphasis to the careful observation of the needs of patients and preparation of detailed reports using statistics as an argument change for the better in the field of nursing in the presence of British rule.
CHILDHOOD
Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy on May 12, 1820 and grew up in families that are. Its name is taken from the town where he was born. Her first name, referring to his hometown of Florence, Florence Florence in Italian or in English.
During his childhood he lived at Lea Hurst, a large and luxurious house owned by his father, William Nightingale who was a wealthy landowner in Derbyshire, London, England. While his mother was a descendant of noble and distinguished family is a family Nightingale. Florence Nightingale had a sister named Parthenope.
In adolescence they begin to see behavior that contrast and Parthenope live according to his dignity as a daughter of a landlord. At that time noblewoman, wealthy, and educated tend to have some fun activities alone and lazy, while Florence more out of the house and help local people in need.
TRIP TO GERMANY
In 1846 she visited Kaiserswerth, Germany, and know more about the pioneers of modern hospital which was pioneered by Pastor Theodor Fliedner and his wife and managed by Lutheran nuns (Catholic).
There, Florence Nightingale was struck by the commitment and concern that practiced by the nuns to the patient.
He falls in love with nursing and social work, and returned to England with such wishful thinking.
LEARN TO MAINTAIN
At the age of adulthood Florence is more beautiful than her sister, and as a daughter of a rich landlord, get a lot of applications for marriage. But all that he rejects, because Florence felt "compelled" to take care of matters relating to humanity.
In 1851, when the age of 31 years, he was courted by Richard Monckton Milnes was a poet and an aristocrat (Baron of Houghton), even this proposal In that year he was rejected because he was determined to devote himself to the world of nursing.
Opposed by FAMILY
This desire was strongly opposed by his mother and sister. This is because at that time in England, the nurse is a contemptible job and a hospital is a filthy place. Many people call the doctor to come to the house and cared for at home.
Nurses in those days despised because:
• Nurses equated with prostitutes or "tail" (a poor military families) who follow where soldiers go.
• Professional nurses a lot of dealing directly with the body in the open state, so that the profession is not a profession is considered polite good woman and many women are not educated to treat patients who are in the hospital with indecent
• Nurses in the UK at that time more men than women for the reasons mentioned above.
• Nurse time more often serves as a cook.
Florence's argument that the German treatment can be done well without degrading the nursing profession broken, because it was in Germany nurses also Catholic nuns who had sworn not to marry and this is also directly protect them from disrespectful treatment of his patients.
Although his father agreed when Florence dedicate themselves to humanity, but he did not agree when Florence was a nurse at the hospital. He can not imagine her working in a disgusting place. He suggested to Florence went for a walk abroad to calm the mind.
But Florence insisted and continued to go to Kaiserswerth, Germany to get training with the nuns there. During the four months he studied at Kaiserwerth, Germany under pressure from his family who fear the social implications arising from a girl who becomes a nurse and a background that the Catholic hospital while the family of Florence is a Protestant Christian.
In addition to Germany, Florence Nightingale also worked in hospitals for the poor in France.
BACK TO ENGLAND
On August 12, 1853, Nightingale returned to London and got a job as supervisor of nursing at the Institute for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen, a small hospital located in Upper Harley Street, London, a position which he diligently until October 1854. His father gave him ₤ 500 per year (equivalent to ₤ 25.000 or USD. 425 million at present), so that Florence can live comfortably and pursue his career.
Here he argued fiercely with the Committee's Hospital because they refuse patients who are Catholics. Florence threatened to resign unless the committee changed the rules and give written permission that;
"Hospitals will accept patients who are not only Catholics, but also Jews and other religions, as well as allow them to receive visits from their pastors, including rabbis, and scholars for Muslims"
Hospital Committee had changed the rules on demand Florence.
Crimean War
In 1854 berkobarlah war in the Crimea Peninsula. British soldiers with the French army against the Russians. Many soldiers who died in battle, but a sadder is the lack of care for the soldiers who were sick and wounded.
The situation peaked when a journalist named William Russell went to the Crimea. In writing for TIME diary he wrote how the wounded soldiers lying on the ground without a care at all and asked, "Does the UK do not have a woman who would devote himself in doing this noble humanitarian work".
Inggrispun people's hearts are inspired by the text. Florence feels his time has come, he wrote a letter to information minister at the time, Sidney Herbert, to volunteer.
At a meeting with Sidney Herbert revealed that Florence was the only woman who enroll. In the Crimean soldiers are dying not because of bullets and bombs, but due to lack of care, and inadequate number of male nurses. He asked Florence to lead the girls volunteer and Florence agreed.
On October 21, 1854 with 38 girl volunteers trained by Nightingale and including her aunt Mai Smith, went to Turkey aboard a ship.
On November 1854 they landed in a seaside hospital at Scutari. On arriving there the fact that they face more gruesome than what they imagined.
Some girls volunteer shaken his soul and can not directly work with anxiety, all the rooms crowded with the wounded soldiers, and hundreds of soldiers lying in the courtyard outside without shelter and without anyone caring.
Doctors worked quickly at the time of surgery, they cut off the hands, feet, and amputate anything life threatening owners, the pieces of bodies were piled just outside the windows and no power to throw it away to another place. Used hands and feet are covered in blood piled into one and remove odor.
Florence Fire was taken around by Major Prince, the chief doctor of the hospital and agreed to help.
Florence make important changes. He set up the beds of patients in the hospital, and arrange where the patients are lying outside the hospital. He arranged for patients who are beyond the most does not take shelter under a tree and assign the establishment of a tent.
Babysitting done carefully, the treatment done carefully;
• The bandage replaced periodically.
• Drugs administered in time.
• Floors mopped the hospital every day.
• Desk chairs cleaned.
• dirty clothes washed with exertion assistance of local residents.
Finally piles of body parts, flesh and bones human being cleared, they were thrown away or planted.
Within a month the hospital has changed at all, even though the smell has not gone entirely but the shrieks and groans of wounded soldiers were much reduced. The nurse volunteers worked tirelessly back and forth under the supervision of Florence Nightingale.
He also handles other nurses with an iron fist, even locked them from outside at night. This was done to prove to their parents in the middle economic level, that with strict discipline and strong under the leadership of a woman, their children can be protected from possible sexual assault.
Fear of things is what makes the mothers in the UK against their daughters to be nurses, and hospitals in the UK led to lag behind others in continental Europe where the nursing profession conducted by nuns and nuns should be under the supervision of the Reverend Mother.
At night when the other nurses to rest and recuperate, Florence wrote her experiences and ideals about the world of nursing, and medicine that he knew.
However, the hard work of cleaning Florence hospital did not have much effect on the number of deaths of soldiers, on the contrary, the death rate actually increased to the highest compared to other hospitals in the area. During the first winter of 4077 Florence was there a number of the soldiers died in hospital. A total of 10 times the soldiers actually died of the disease such as typhoid, typhoid, cholera, and dysentery compared with death from wounds during the war. Conditions at the hospital to be very fatal because the number of patients more abundant than could possibly be accommodated, this causes a waste disposal system and air vents to deteriorate.
In March 1855, nearly six months after Florence Nightingale came, the British commission arrived cleanliness and repair sewage systems and air circulation, since then the death rate dropped dramatically.
But Florence was still believed that the death rate caused by the lack of nutritional food supply and the heavy burden of work soldier. This thinking changed only when Florence returned to England and collect evidence before the Royal Commission for Health British Army (Royal Commission on the Health of the Army), he finally was convinced that the soldiers in the hospital dying from a filthy hospital conditions and concern .
This is an effect on his career at a later date where he campaigned persistent environmental hygiene as the main thing. The campaign was successfully assessed from the decline in death rates of soldiers in time of peace (not war) and show how important the design of sewerage systems and ventilation air of a hospital.
Lighted angel
At one time, when the fierce battle outside the city has passed, a non-commissioned officer came and reported to Florence that from both sides who fell victim lot.
Florence waited for the first group, but apparently few in number, he asked the NCO is what happened to other victims. NCO said that the next victims must wait until tomorrow because it was already dark.
Florence forcing the NCO is to take her to the former battlefields to collect the victim could still be saved because if they wait until the next day's victims can bleed to death.
When NCO is visible reluctance, Florence threatened to report them to Mayor Prince.
Six of them went to the former battlefields, all men, only Florence was the only woman. Florence armed with lanterns flips and examine bodies lay, bring anyone who is still alive and still be saved, including the Russian soldiers.
That night they returned with fifteen soldiers, twelve British soldiers and three Russian soldiers.
Since then every battle, in the evening Florence tour with lights to search for soldiers who are still alive and he began to well-known as a lighted angel who helped in the dark. Many lives were helped who should have died.
During the Crimean war, Florence Nightingale gained the name "Angel lighted". In 1857 Henry Longfellow, U.S. poet, wrote poems about Florence Nightingale titled "Santa Filomena", which describes how he keeps the soldiers in the military hospital at night, alone, carrying a lamp.
"In those hours of suffering it, lighted angel came for me. "
HOME TO ENGLAND
Florence Nightingale returned to England as a hero on August 7, 1857, everyone knew who Florence Nightingale and what he did when he was in the Crimean battlefield, and according to the BBC, he is one of the most famous figures after Queen Victoria's own. Nightingale moved from her family home in Middle Claydon, Buckinghamshire, to the Burlington Hotel in Piccadilly. However, he was hit by a fever, caused by brucellosis ("Crimean fever") who attacked him during the Crimean war. She latch mother and sister from her room and rarely left it.
In response to an invitation from Queen Victoria - and despite the limitations of confinement to her room - Nightingale played a major role in establishing the Royal Commission for Health British Army, with Sidney Herbert became chairman. As a woman, Nightingale could not be appointed to the Royal Commission, but he wrote over 1,000-page report that included detailed statistical reports, and it is a means of implementing its recommendations. Report of Royal Commission to make the examination of military troops, and the establishment of the Army Medical School and medical records system of the armed forces.
NEXT CAREER
When he was in Turkey, on November 29, 1855, public meeting to give recognition to Florence Nightingale for her work on the war that made the establishment of Nightingale Fund for the training of nurses. Sidney Herbert was secretary honorari funds, and the Duke of Cambridge was chairman. Florence on his return to London, he was invited by community leaders. They established a body called the "Nightingale Fund", in which Sidney Herbert became Honorary Secretary and the Duke of Cambridge became its Chairman. The agency raised an immense number of ₤ 45,000 as gratitude the British people as Florence Nightingale managed menyeamatkan many souls from death.
Florence used the money to build a school nurse for the first lady, was even male nurses were rarely educated.
Florence argues that with the school nurse, the nursing profession would be much appreciated, the mothers of good family would allow their daughters to school there and other people will encounter someone who is educated manner.
The school was founded in St. hospital environment. Thomas Hospital, London. World Health also welcomed the opening of the school nurse.
When opened on July 9, 1860 dozens of girls from good among enrolled, Florence struggles in the Crimean Peninsula has removed the old picture of female nurses. With the establishment of the school nurse has laid a new foundation of nurses educated and began a new period in the treatment of the sick. Now the school is called School of Nursing and Midwifery Florence Nightingale (Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery) and is part of King's College London Academy.
As a Florence school leaders manage the school as good as possible. His writing about the world of nursing and how to organize teaching materials used at the school.
When it was time the children finish school students first Florence, dozens of women workers discharged taken by the hospital around, but many other hospitals that requested parts.
Nurse Florence school graduate first worked at the Liverpool Workhouse Infirmary Hospital. He also campaigned and raised funds for the Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital in Aylesbury near his family residence.
With a well-educated nurses, a new era in treatment modernpun applied in places such.
The world became intrigued and wanted to emulate. They send talented girls to be educated in school and after graduation they are required to establish a similar school in their respective countries.
In 1882 nurses who graduated from the Florence school has grown and developed their influence on the early development of the nursing profession. Some of them have been appointed as a senior nurse (Matron), including in-hospital like St. London hospital. Mary's Hospital, Westminster Hospital, St Marylebone Workhouse Infirmary and the Hospital for Incurables (Putney), and throughout the UK, such as: Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley; Edinburgh Royal Infirmary; Cumberland Infirmary; Liverpool Royal Infirmary and also at Sydney Hospital, in New South Wales, Australia.
The sick became the most fortunate here, in addition they get a good and satisfactory treatment, mortality can be reduced as low as possible. The book and the ideas of Florence Nightingale to be very useful in this regard.
In 1860 Florence wrote the book Notes on Nursing (Notes on Nursing) 136 pages thick book is a reference book on the curriculum in the schools of Florence and other nursing schools. The book also became popular among ordinary people and sold millions of copies worldwide.
In 1861 further mold this book is published with an additional section on infant care.
In 1869, Nightingale and Elizabeth Blackwell founded the Women's Medical University.
In the 1870s, Linda Richards, "America's first trained nurse", consulted with Florence Nightingale in England, and made Linda returned to the United States with adequate training and knowledge to establish a school nurse. Linda Richards became the pioneer nurses in the United States and Japan.
In 1883 Florence was awarded Royal Red Cross medal (The Royal Red Cross) by Queen Victoria.
In 1907 at the age of 87 years the King of England, in the presence of hundreds of Florence Nightingale's invitation to confer with service star of The Order Of Merit and Florence Nightingale became the first woman to receive the star of this service mark.
In 1908 he was awarded Honorary Freedom of the City of London.
Nightingale was a Christian universalist. On February 7, 1837 - shortly before the 17th birthday something happened that would change his life: he writes, "The Lord spoke to me and called me to serve Him."
DEAD WORLD
Florence Nightingale died at the age of 90 years on August 13, 1910. His family refused to bury him in Westminster Abbey, and he was buried at St.. Margaret is located in East Wellow, Hampshire, England.
Reference
• (English) baly, Monica E. and H. C. G. Matthew, "Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910)"; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press (2004), online edn, May 2005 accessed 28 Oct 2006
• (English) Pugh, Martin: The march of the women: A revisionist analysis of the campaign for women's suffrage from 1866 to 1914, Oxford (2000), at 55.
• (Indonesia) Soeroto, A. Florence Nightingale, Angel lighted. Publisher Djambatan. Series "The story of the people who have rendered". First printing 1974. ISBN 979-428-073-9.
• (English) Sokoloff, Nancy Boyd.; Three Victorian Women WHO Their world changed, Macmillan, London (1982)
• (English) Webb, Val; The Making of a Radical Theologician, Chalice Press (2002)
• (English) Woodham Smith, Cecil; Florence Nightingale, Penguin (1951), rev. 1955
Download this article here
Download this article in Indonesian here
